摘要：目前(qian)，我(wo)国大部分10Kv配电(dian)室均采(cai)用微(wei)机继电(dian)保护设(she)备进行相应保护。日(ri)前(qian)，北京市京海杰物业工程供电(dian)局(ju)做继电(dian)保护实验，出现(xian)(xian)测试仪输出电(dian)流与微(wei)机综合保护装置(zhi)保护采(cai)样电(dian)流之间出现(xian)(xian)较大差值(zhi)，以此(ci)为依据(ju)找导致出现(xian)(xian)上述现(xian)(xian)象的根源(yuan)—谐波。
关键词：继电保护 保护电流(liu) 电源不稳定 谐波
一、概述：RC3000系列微(wei)机(ji)保(bao)(bao)护(hu)测控(kong)装置产品(pin)被(bei)广泛(fan)应(ying)用(yong)于北(bei)京(jing)市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)国防、军事、医用(yong)、改造、科研(yan)、民建(jian)等项目，日前在与北(bei)京(jing)海淀供电(dian)局在北(bei)京(jing)市(shi)京(jing)海杰物业工程(cheng)做继电(dian)保(bao)(bao)护(hu)试验中，出现测试仪(yi)输(shu)出电(dian)流与微(wei)机(ji)综合保(bao)(bao)护(hu)装置保(bao)(bao)护(hu)采样电(dian)流之间出现较大差值，针对这一突发(fa)的(de)(de)(de)现象(xiang)，公司领导(dao)高度重视，专(zhuan)门(men)组(zu)织专(zhuan)案处理小组(zu)针对此问题进(jin)(jin)行突击，经过多方摸索与谈(tan)论，远程(cheng)分(fen)析后最(zui)终敲定(ding)引发(fa)此次问题的(de)(de)(de)根源在于—谐(xie)波。谐(xie)波到底(di)是从何(he)(he)而来，为(wei)何(he)(he)会(hui)影响(xiang)到继电(dian)保(bao)(bao)护(hu)设备的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)护(hu)采样数据，让我(wo)们一起(qi)来进(jin)(jin)行更(geng)深(shen)入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)探(tan)讨(tao)。
二、现场继电保护实验平台硬件构成
硬件构成图
三(san)、问(wen)题分析(xi)及解(jie)决步(bu)骤
A、问题分析步骤：1、确(que)保继电保护装置正常；2、排除外(wai)部(bu)接(jie)线(xian)、互(hu)感器(qi)等外(wai)因；3、确(que)保测(ce)试仪(yi)输(shu)出电流(liu)的精准性
B、问题处理步骤：
1、更换备(bei)品，排除内因。
1）、立即更(geng)换上性能正常的相同(tong)型号的微(wei)机继电保护(hu)装(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)，此(ci)步骤(zhou)旨在排除(chu)装(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)本身原因所(suo)致测(ce)试仪输出实际电流与微(wei)机综合保护(hu)装(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)采样(yang)电流之(zhi)间出现较大(da)差值(zhi)。
2）、更换(huan)完成(cheng)后，再次做继电(dian)保护(hu)(hu)实验，保护(hu)(hu)电(dian)流(liu)依然出现测试仪输(shu)出实际(ji)电(dian)流(liu)与微机综合保护(hu)(hu)装置(zhi)采(cai)样电(dian)流(liu)之间出现较大差(cha)值的现象。
3）、排除(chu)微机继电保护装置本身原因所(suo)致上述现(xian)(xian)(xian)象，现(xian)(xian)(xian)分析此现(xian)(xian)(xian)象为外(wai)来因素(su)所(suo)致。
2、排除外部接线、互感器等(deng)外因
按照施工图纸一(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)比(bi)对确认之后，外部接线(xian)及互感器均严(yan)格按图施工
3、通(tong)过以(yi)上排(pai)除(chu)，现将焦点放在测试(shi)仪上面(mian)
1）、测试(shi)仪为供(gong)电部门常用的智(zhi)能型测试(shi)仪
2）、测试仪电源(yuan)为柴油发电机供电
对(dui)1进行(xing)分析，供电局经常(chang)与该微(wei)机继电保护(hu)设备(bei)厂(chang)家配合实验，使用的依然为此台测(ce)试(shi)仪，均正常(chang)，据此初步排除测(ce)试(shi)仪本(ben)身原(yuan)因。
对2进行分(fen)析，从测(ce)试(shi)(shi)仪(yi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)源入手，柴(chai)油发电(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)所发电(dian)(dian)(dian)直接导(dao)致(zhi)测(ce)试(shi)(shi)仪(yi)输出(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流中产生大(da)量的(de)(de)谐(xie)波(bo)，而(er)(er)该继电(dian)(dian)(dian)保护设备(bei)保护电(dian)(dian)(dian)流采(cai)样计算方(fang)式为只采(cai)基波(bo)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)方(fang)式，而(er)(er)非(fei)采(cai)用基波(bo)与谐(xie)波(bo)叠加(jia)的(de)(de)方(fang)式，而(er)(er)此时(shi)的(de)(de)测(ce)试(shi)(shi)仪(yi)在柴(chai)油发电(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)影响下，测(ce)试(shi)(shi)仪(yi)输出(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流中产生了(le)大(da)量的(de)(de)谐(xie)波(bo)，这就是(shi)导(dao)致(zhi)测(ce)试(shi)(shi)仪(yi)输出(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流与微机(ji)(ji)综合保护装(zhuang)置(zhi)保护采(cai)样电(dian)(dian)(dian)流之间(jian)出(chu)现(xian)较大(da)差(cha)值的(de)(de)罪魁祸首—谐(xie)波(bo)。
四(si)、造(zao)成谐(xie)波的原因、对微机继电保护设备(bei)的影(ying)响及抑制(zhi)谐(xie)波的措施
在本(ben)次继(ji)电(dian)(dian)保护(hu)(hu)实验(yan)中(zhong)，柴(chai)油发电(dian)(dian)机(ji)提供过的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)源中(zhong)非线(xian)性(xing)因素是产生谐(xie)波(bo)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要因素。谐(xie)波(bo)不仅会严(yan)重恶化电(dian)(dian)源质量,更能够对该系统中(zhong)的(de)(de)各种电(dian)(dian)力设备造成很大(da)的(de)(de)危(wei)害,最终降低整个输出(chu)(chu)电(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)的(de)(de)使用(yong)效(xiao)率。对于继(ji)电(dian)(dian)保护(hu)(hu)设备而言,谐(xie)波(bo)会大(da)幅(fu)度提高其(qi)保护(hu)(hu)误动与保护(hu)(hu)拒动的(de)(de)可能性(xing),进而出(chu)(chu)现各种事故,面(mian)对日趋严(yan)重的(de)(de)谐(xie)波(bo)问题(ti),更深(shen)入了了解谐(xie)波(bo)对继(ji)电(dian)(dian)保护(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)影响,有(you)利于我(wo)们加深(shen)相关认识,并据此制定(ding)出(chu)(chu)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)控(kong)制措施(shi)。
柴油(you)发(fa)电(dian)(dian)(dian)机产生的(de)谐波(bo)对(dui)(dui)继(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)保护(hu)的(de)影(ying)响(xiang)较大，在谐波(bo)严(yan)重的(de)情况下可能会(hui)导致继(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)保护(hu)的(de)不正(zheng)确动作(zuo)（拒动或(huo)误动），本次实验(yan)就直接导致了保护(hu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流受影(ying)响(xiang)而致使继(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)保护(hu)不动作(zuo)。为了保证该系(xi)统(tong)继(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)保护(hu)的(de)正(zheng)常运行(xing)，需要充分重视(shi)谐波(bo)对(dui)(dui)继(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)保护(hu)的(de)影(ying)响(xiang)，采取切实有效(xiao)的(de)措施，减小(xiao)或(huo)防止(zhi)谐波(bo)对(dui)(dui)继(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)保护(hu)的(de)影(ying)响(xiang)，确保继(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)保护(hu)实验(yan)的(de)顺(shun)利稳(wen)定运行(xing)。
1、在(zai)本次实(shi)验中哪些因素(su)会导致产生谐波(bo)(bo)以(yi)及(ji)谐波(bo)(bo)的度量方法
; 1）、在本次实验系统中的谐波，主要是柴油发电(dian)机生产(chan)的电(dian)源负载测(ce)试仪产(chan)生的。
柴油发电(dian)机组的电(dian)源(yuan)内阻远高于市电(dian)网络，当非线性负载连(lian)接上(shang)时会产生(sheng)谐(xie)波(bo)(bo)，使(shi)电(dian)压波(bo)(bo)形产生(sheng)严(yan)重畸变，也称谐(xie)波(bo)(bo)畸变。典型的非线性负载包括计算(suan)机、测(ce)试(shi)仪、荧光灯电(dian)子镇流器以(yi)及不间断(duan)电(dian)源(yuan)（UPS），而(er)此时该(gai)系统中负载的测(ce)试(shi)仪就会产生(sheng)很(hen)大的谐(xie)波(bo)(bo)。
在本(ben)次继电保(bao)护实验中，我们的RC3000微机保(bao)护测(ce)控装置的电流的采集计算方法为：
A、测(ce)量(liang)(liang)电流为：测(ce)量(liang)(liang)电流=基波(bo)测(ce)量(liang)(liang)值+谐波(bo)测(ce)量(liang)(liang)值
B、保(bao)护电(dian)流(liu)为：保(bao)护电(dian)流(liu)=基波测量值(zhi)
这样就直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)导致了我们RC3000装置保护电(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)采集值(zhi)(zhi)比测试仪输(shu)出的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流值(zhi)(zhi)之间(jian)有较(jiao)大偏差，直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)致使此次RC3000继电(dian)(dian)(dian)保护设备(bei)不动作(zuo)的(de)根本(ben)原因所在。
在找到问题根源(yuan)后(hou)，我们不妨透(tou)过此事更深入的来了解谐(xie)波到底会对我们的设备有哪(na)些影响。
2、此次继电保(bao)(bao)护(hu)实验引发我们深思，谐(xie)波会如何影(ying)响(xiang)我们的继电保(bao)(bao)护(hu)设备
（１） 谐(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)对(dui)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)型(xing)继(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)影响 常规的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)型(xing)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)继(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)动(dong)(dong)作(zuo)转矩与线(xian)圈内(nei)流(liu)(liu)(liu)过的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)有(you)效值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)平方成正(zheng)比，无论通入(ru)基波(bo)(bo)或是谐(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)，只要有(you)效值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)达(da)到电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)继(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)动(dong)(dong)作(zuo)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)继(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)就(jiu)(jiu)能(neng)动(dong)(dong)作(zuo)，因此(ci)谐(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)存在就(jiu)(jiu)有(you)引起电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)继(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)误(wu)动(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)可能(neng)。对(dui)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压继(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)而(er)言，与电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)继(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)相(xiang)比，线(xian)圈匝数多，阻抗大(da)。当含有(you)谐(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)畸变电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压作(zuo)用于继(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)时，动(dong)(dong)作(zuo)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)总是比基波(bo)(bo)时整定值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)，所以过电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压继(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)可能(neng)会拒动(dong)(dong)，而(er)对(dui)欠电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压继(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)却可能(neng)会误(wu)动(dong)(dong)。电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)型(xing)继(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)动(dong)(dong)作(zuo)速度较(jiao)慢，对(dui)定值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)误(wu)差也要求不高，在谐(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)含量小于１０％时，谐(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)对(dui)其影响不太大(da)。但是，在谐(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)含量很大(da)并且各(ge)次谐(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)衰(shuai)减(jian)又(you)较(jiao)慢的(de)(de)场合(he)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)型(xing)继(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)误(wu)动(dong)(dong)也会造成大(da)的(de)(de)系统(tong)事故(gu)。
（２） 谐波(bo)对整流型继电器的影(ying)响
整流(liu)型(xing)继电(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)主要(yao)特(te)点是将输(shu)入(ru)交流(liu)量进行整流(liu)，或者将几个输(shu)入(ru)交流(liu)量组(zu)合(he)后进行整流(liu)，继电(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)动作(zuo)特(te)性取决于整流(liu)后的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)压信号（或电(dian)(dian)流(liu)信号）及其动作(zuo)判据。整流(liu)型(xing)距离保护(hu)(hu)装置（如ＬＨ－２１型(xing)）的(de)(de)振荡闭锁经常(chang)动作(zuo)，产生这些现象(xiang)的(de)(de)原因是利 用负序滤波(bo)(bo)器将三相(xiang)电(dian)(dian)流(liu)转变为(wei)单项电(dian)(dian)压（正比于负序电(dian)(dian)流(liu)），该(gai)滤波(bo)(bo)器由接(jie)在一(yi)相(xiang)内(nei)的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感器和(he)接(jie)在两相(xiang)内(nei)的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)抗互感器构成。当系统电(dian)(dian)流(liu)中含有(you)谐(xie)波(bo)(bo)，并(bing)且三相(xiang)谐(xie)波(bo)(bo)不相(xiang)等也不对称时，负序滤波(bo)(bo)器就有(you)很(hen)大的(de)(de)谐(xie)波(bo)(bo)输(shu)出，加之裂相(xiang)回路对谐(xie)波(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)进一(yi)步放大作(zuo)用，使整流(liu)出的(de)(de)直(zhi)流(liu)脉动很(hen)大，因而(er)使保护(hu)(hu)误起动。
（３） 谐(xie)波对距离保护的影响
整流型(xing)方向阻抗(kang)继电(dian)器的阻抗(kang)特性(xing)，理想状(zhuang)态下(xia)其动作(zuo)特性(xing)曲线(xian)是一个圆，但(dan)输入电(dian)流中谐(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)含(han)量较大(da)时(shi)，其动作(zuo)曲线(xian)将(jiang)出现(xian)凹凸(tu)，从而导致动作(zuo)阻抗(kang)值(zhi)和最(zui)大(da)灵敏角发生变化。距(ju)离(li)保(bao)护装置中的测距(ju)元件，通(tong)常按线(xian)路的基波(bo)(bo)(bo)阻抗(kang)整定(ding)。在(zai)故(gu)障(zhang)情况下(xia)，当(dang)有谐(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)电(dian)流时(shi)（特别是３次谐(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)），所测的阻抗(kang)相对于(yu)基波(bo)(bo)(bo)阻抗(kang)值(zhi)可能(neng)会(hui)有相当(dang)大(da)的误差。因(yin)而，当(dang)故(gu)障(zhang)电(dian)流流经高阻性(xing)的阻抗(kang)接地(di)时(shi)，接地(di)阻抗(kang)将(jiang)是主要的。如果电(dian)流中谐(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)分量较大(da)，应采(cai)取滤波(bo)(bo)(bo)措施(shi)，否则(ze)造(zao)成(cheng)继电(dian)器误动的可能(neng)性(xing)很大(da)。通(tong)过(guo)试验，谐(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)含(han)量在(zai)５％以下(xia)时(shi)，谐(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)对继电(dian)器的影响不(bu)大(da)。
（４） 谐波对零(ling)序(xu)保护的(de)影(ying)响
零(ling)(ling)序保护(hu)(hu)装(zhuang)置中通常(chang)是(shi)依据躲(duo)过线(xian)路最大(da)不(bu)平(ping)衡的(de)(de)零(ling)(ling)序电流(liu)(liu)，当(dang)通过线(xian)路电流(liu)(liu)只有(you)基(ji)波(bo)时(shi)，线(xian)路的(de)(de)不(bu)平(ping)衡的(de)(de)零(ling)(ling)序电流(liu)(liu)较小，但是(shi)当(dang)线(xian)路中含有(you)大(da)量３次(ci)谐波(bo)时(shi)，使得(de)零(ling)(ling)序电流(liu)(liu)会大(da)大(da)的(de)(de)增(zeng)加，可(ke)能会造(zao)成零(ling)(ling)序保护(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)误动。
（５） 谐(xie)波对保护启动量的影响(xiang)
谐(xie)波(bo)对(dui)负(fu)序(xu)(xu)量(liang)起动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)有(you)很大(da)影(ying)(ying)响(xiang)，在(zai)谐(xie)波(bo)的影(ying)(ying)响(xiang)下(xia)，负(fu)序(xu)(xu)电(dian)(dian)流保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)可(ke)能(neng)误(wu)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。对(dui)负(fu)序(xu)(xu)功(gong)率方(fang)向高(gao)频保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的影(ying)(ying)响(xiang)在(zai)于(yu)谐(xie)波(bo)透过负(fu)序(xu)(xu)电(dian)(dian)流滤(lv)波(bo)器和(he)负(fu)序(xu)(xu)电(dian)(dian)压滤(lv)波(bo)器，而(er)可(ke)能(neng)使高(gao)频闭(bi)锁方(fang)向保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的“正向动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)回路”起动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，且(qie)无(wu)闭(bi)锁信(xin)号时，导(dao)致保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)误(wu)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。对(dui)相(xiang)差(cha)高(gao)频保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的影(ying)(ying)响(xiang)对(dui)于(yu)起动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)元件(jian)采用负(fu)序(xu)(xu)电(dian)(dian)流元件(jian)，操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)电(dian)(dian)流采用Ｉ１＋ＫＩ２的相(xiang)差(cha)高(gao)频保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，在(zai)系统谐(xie)波(bo)电(dian)(dian)流干扰下(xia)，起动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)元件(jian)和(he)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)元件(jian)均可(ke)能(neng)起动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，从而(er)导(dao)致保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)误(wu)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。 在(zai)光纤(xian)差(cha)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)中，当ＴＡ断(duan)线时，本侧(ce)的保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)起动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，存在(zai)差(cha)流，但收不(bu)到对(dui)侧(ce)的信(xin)号而(er)不(bu)会误(wu)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，如(ru)果(guo)谐(xie)波(bo)使对(dui)侧(ce)的保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)也起动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，那么在(zai)ＴＡ断(duan)线的情况下(xia)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)就(jiu)可(ke)能(neng)误(wu)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。 变(bian)压器的差(cha)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)通常(chang)(chang)都(dou)采用突(tu)变(bian)量(liang)作(zuo)(zuo)为(wei)起动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)判据。采用相(xiang)电(dian)(dian)流采样值的突(tu)变(bian)量(liang)作(zuo)(zuo)为(wei)起动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)判据或(huo)者采用基于(yu)半周积分算法(fa)的相(xiang)电(dian)(dian)流工频变(bian)化(hua)量(liang)作(zuo)(zuo)为(wei)判据，两者都(dou)无(wu)法(fa)完全消除(chu)谐(xie)波(bo)的影(ying)(ying)响(xiang)，都(dou)可(ke)能(neng)导(dao)致保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)不(bu)正常(chang)(chang)起动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。
3、在了(le)解谐波的危害之(zhi)后，我们深入了(le)解如何才能抑制谐波对继(ji)电保(bao)护影响
1）、 抑制(zhi)谐波措(cuo)施
严格执行国家标准ＧＢ／Ｔ１４５４９－１９９３，将谐(xie)波控制在(zai)允许范围内，抑制谐(xie)波可采(cai)用交(jiao)流无(wu)源(yuan)滤波装置(zhi)、静止无(wu)功补偿和有源(yuan)滤波器(qi)等装置(zhi)，近年来，采(cai)用有源(yuan)滤波器(qi)越来越成(cheng)为(wei)抑制谐(xie)波的一个趋(qu)势(shi)。
2）、减(jian)小(xiao)谐波对继电保护影(ying)响措(cuo)施(shi)
A、 变压器差动(dong)保护(hu)中(zhong)的差动(dong)继电器，利用速饱和变流器以及(ji)二次谐波制(zhi)动(dong)。
B、 保护装置尽量不要(yao)选取对(dui)谐波敏感(gan)的元(yuan)件(jian)或动作(zuo)原理，例如采用弱(ruo)电(dian)继电(dian)器、半波比相判(pan)断的方式以(yi)及(ji)过零点检测等(deng)等(deng)。
C、 继电保(bao)护和(he)自动(dong)装(zhuang)置应合理(li)利用硬件滤波(bo)器和(he)数字滤波(bo)软件，对进入(ru)ＴＡ、ＴＶ二次侧的(de)谐波(bo)量进行滤波(bo)处理(li)，来预防(fang)谐波(bo)的(de)干扰。
D、 为了防止二(er)次(ci)系(xi)统的(de)(de)谐(xie)波(bo)(bo)感抗与容抗之间可能(neng)发生谐(xie)振，二(er)次(ci)系(xi)统固有频率(lv)远离(li)系(xi)统中(zhong)含(han)量较高整次(ci)谐(xie)波(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)频率(lv)，设计合理的(de)(de)消(xiao)谐(xie)回路，抑制谐(xie)波(bo)(bo)引起的(de)(de)谐(xie)振过(guo)电压。
; E、 不得(de)已情(qing)况(kuang)下(xia)，灵(ling)敏(min)系数(shu)能满足要(yao)求的情(qing)况(kuang)下(xia)，提高整定动作(zuo)值(zhi)，但在多数(shu)情(qing)况(kuang)下(xia)，会过分(fen)降低故障响(xiang)应灵(ling)敏(min)度(du)，并不能完全避免谐(xie)波影响(xiang)。
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